Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Another mutual fund house has decided to come out with its NFO or New Fund Offer. The Mirae Asset Fund House has launched its NFO or New Fund Offer called the Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund NFO

In this article, we will analyse how good is this Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund NFO, whether this Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund offers anything new or unique for the investors and whether the investors should invest in Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund .

Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Let's begin with some basic details about Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund.

What are the NFO dates for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund ?
The NFO for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund is currently open and will close on 22nd June 2010. After that, regular buying and purchasing will commence through the end of the day NAV system.

What is so unique about this Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund ?
It is a market sector specific fund - by market sector we mean it will focus and invest primarily in midcap companies - To be specific, this fund will look for companies which are NOT in top 100 companies as per the market capitalization but are having market cap greater than 100 Crores. Hence, the primary focus in on MIDCAP.

Now the Mirae Asset Mutual fund house has put up a chart showing how the CNX MidCap Index has outperformed the BSE Sensex over the last 9 year period. However, I beg to differ on that. Please see the article Large Cap ETF v/s Mid Cap ETF: Historical Performance Check for a comparison between MidCap and LargeCap stocks. So Mirae Asset fund house chart shows midcap outperforming, while the analysis on our side show Largecap outperforming. Ultimately, it boils down to the time of your investment and when you book your profit - in essence, it all works randomly.
They claim that tomorrow's blue chip companies will be from today's midcap companies. So the fund manager will be attempting to select the few winners of tomorrow and that's where investors money will be betted on.
However, adding a Midcap specific fund to your portfolio will be good from the point of view of diversification. Whether it works in your favour or not is a different story altogether, and depends on loads of things, the primary ones being the stock picking skills of the mutual fund manager, the overall midcap sector performance, the performance of the stocks selected by the fund manager and your timing of entry and exit from a particular fund or investment.

The Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund will be benchmarked to CNX MIDCAP Index.

The plan is to have 65-100% investment in Nifty Index equities and derivatives in PSU related stock companies. 0 to 35% will be debt and money market instruments.

Minimum Investment:
Purchases : Rs. 5000/- and in multiple of Re. 1 thereafter.
SIP or Systematic Investment Plan is also available.

Investment Options for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund :
- Growth
- Dividend (Payout and Reinvestment)

No Tax Benefit is available in the Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund

The entry load for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund is as follows:
Entry Load for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund :
Zero Entry Load

Exit Load for Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund:
Exit within 1 years from the date of allotment - 1 %;
Exit after 1 years from the date of allotment - Nil

Final Thoughts about the Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund?
By investing in this fund, one is betting on the Midcap Sector, that too specific to the stock picking skills of the fund manager and also on the performance of the midcap companies.
Overall, this Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Fund is just another new fund offer for a particular sector, without anything unique that sets it apart from other sector specific funds

SBI PSU Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Another mutual fund house has decided to come out with its NFO or New Fund Offer. The State Bank of India or SBI Mutual Fund House has launched its NFO or New Fund Offer called the SBI PSU Fund NFO

In this article, we will analyse how good is this SBI PSU Fund NFO, whether this SBI PSU Fund offers anything new or unique for the investors and whether the investors should invest in SBI PSU Fund .

SBI PSU Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Let's begin with some basic details about SBI PSU Fund.

What are the NFO dates for SBI PSU Fund ?
The NFO for SBI PSU Fund is currently open and will close on 14th June 2010. After that, regular buying and purchasing will commence through the end of the day NAV system.

What is so unique about this SBI PSU Fund ?
It is a sector specific fund - by sector we mean Public Sector Undertakings - i.e. PSU and that where the name of the fund is derived from. The fund is going to bet the money collected from investors on PSU companies, which are basically the companies run by the government and the government has the majority stake in those.
The advantage is that these companies include commodity products, say oil, metals, minerals, etc. and other utilities like electricity, wind energy, solar energy, etc. so the overall performance of these companies in the PSU sector may be good.
However, one should also notice the risks invovled. Take the case of oil companies like HPCL and BPCL. These oil companies are PSU's and have to suffer huge losses, because the government offers a lot of subsidy to end consumers, thereby reducing the prices of the products which are to be sold. Hence, whether oil trades at $100 per barrel in open market, the government will force these Oil companies to sell oil at 50 Rs. per litre. All this subsidy and public favours may cause a loss to the oil companies and thereby causing a loss to the PSU sector. Hence, if such companies are included in the portfolio of PSU Fund, the fund value will also suffer.

Now the SBI Mutual fund house has put up a chart showing how the BSE PSU Index has outperformed the BSE Sensex over the last 10 year period. However, calculations are not clear and past instances are no guarantee of future returns, so ultimately its the investors call.
The SBI Mutual fund house is quoting the reasons which are known to all - stable government at the center, meaning good and clear investment strategy for PSU companies, returnes are expected to be good, and all the usual blah, blah, but ultimately it boils down to overall performance of the mutual fund manager, his stock picking skills and the performacne of the PSU sector as a whole. The investor needs to take a call on that.
The SBI PSU Fund will be benchmarked to BSE PSU Index.

The plan is to have 65-100% investment in Nifty Index equities and derivatives in PSU related stock companies. 0 to 35% will be debt and money market instruments.

Minimum Investment:
Purchases : Rs. 5000/- and in multiple of Re. 1 thereafter.
SIP or Systematic Investment Plan is also available.

Investment Options for SBI PSU Fund :
- Growth
- Dividend (Payout and Reinvestment)

No Tax Benefit is available in the SBI PSU Fund

The entry load for SBI PSU Fund is as follows:
Entry Load for SBI PSU Fund :
Zero Entry Load

Exit Load for SBI PSU Fund:
Exit within 3 years from the date of allotment - 1 %;
Exit after 3 years from the date of allotment - Nil

Final Thoughts about the SBI PSU Fund?
By investing in this fund, one is betting on the PSU stock picking skills of the fund manager and also on the government controlled PSU sector companies. As long as the government looks stable, things MAY look good for the PSU sector, but one should not forget what happened in 2004. When the NDA led govt was out-voted, all the PSU sector stocks collapsed the market completely, such that the markets have to be shut down twice.
Moreover, this being a sector specific fund, one is betting the money on specific sector. If as an investor, you dont want sector specific exposure, then this fund is not for you.
Overall, this SBI PSU Fund is just another new fund offer for a particular sector, without anything unique that sets it apart from other sector specific funds

Spain Bails Out CajaSur Savings Bank: More Trouble Coming for Euro?

The trouble of European countries dont seem to go away so soon. Till recently it was Greece, which had Economical Problems and today, the its the time for Spain.
As per the news, the Spanish Central bank is on its way to save the regional Spanish Bank named CajaSur with a big amount - 500 million Euros, so that it keeps itself afloat.

Now although it is just the second such instance in Spain where a kind of bailout is witnessed (first one was the House Market Bubble Burst two years back). But the fact is that problem exists and that's why the bailout has to happen.

We cannot keep our eyes closed to such incidents, as a major currency EURO is going to get impacted because of these developments on the European Economic Front. It was just a few years back when everyone was going great guns citing examples of European countries, mentioning how smart move is the formation of EU, with one single currency. The benefits time seems to have gone away, its time for some setbacks.
ALready we are seeing a lot of turmoiol in the Forex Markets with respect to Euro going down against the dollar. All courtesy of Greece, a country which now the so called experts believe that shouldn't have been part of EU, given its past record. As the dominion effect comes in, the Euro currency is set to take a hit severely.

Let's not forget that the House market bubble burst started from US two years back. It went on to move to Europe. At that time, Europe appeared to be stable and infact, the Euro started gaining solid grounds compared to the USD. People even started mentioning that Euro will soon outperform USD in big magnitude. Exporters and economies of scale started hedgin themselves by getting into Euro specific contracts rather then USD contracts. They even bought gold for the same reason. However, today things are looking different.

The Dollar is back on track, the Euro is taking a hit. What appaered to be the benefits of the combined currency of European region, are now appearning to be problems. Just one single country within the 25 member strong EU region can spark a big problem and that problem is spreading fast. It has global impact.

Atleast the Spanish Central Bank should be given full credit for being on top of things by taking preventive measures. It is suspeted that the Spain banks are having big trouble ahead, as the estimated amount of mortgage losses are around 300 billion Euros. That's not a small no. of a country like Spain. Overall, it appears that US is a still a better destination for investment than Europe

Get FREE Facebook access on Mobile Phones in India & 45 countries

The good news for social networking fans - Facebook is going to offer absolutely FREE access on select Mobile Networks across India and 45 other countries. The news was confirmed recently, so the young and old, the social networking freaks can now rejoice. This will come in real handy for facebook fans as most of the young generation using Facebook belongs to Schools, Colleges and IT workers, where such social networking sites are usually blocked.

Access FACEBOOK on your mobile phone for FREE

Now with the free access to Facebook on Mobile Phones at Zero extra cost, this comes as a big benefit to such facebook fans.
How will this access to Facebook on mobile phones work?
Facebook has signed up with various mobile operators in 45 countries across the globe. In India, they have signed up with Reliance Communications and Videocon and the subscribers of these 2 networks will be able to access Facebook for No Charge on their mobile phones

Which mobile service providers in India will provide free access to Facebook?
It will be Reliance Communications and Videocon. Reliance is an old player known to provide freebies to its customers, and Videocon is a new entrant. So Videocon might be trying to exapnd its user base by tying up with Facebook.

Is there any dedicated URL or site address for accessing facebook for free on mobile phobes?
Yes - Mobile user who wish to get free access to their facebook account should go to "o.facebook.com" or 0.facebook.com from their mobile phone browsers. This is a new site launched recently and is dedicated to the free access of facebook on mobile phone.

Please note that access ONLY to o.facebook.com is free, People will have to pay for data charges when they view photos or when they leave 0.facebook.com to browse other mobile site
At the same time, this move by FaceBook by tying up with mobile service providers in 45 different countries indicate that Facebook is going to take an aggressive stand on market penetration and getting more user base.

For the mobile companies also, it will turn out to be a big bonanza. Most of the times, people share information on social networking sites like Facebook. This info also includes hyperlinks. Now imagine if I get a message from my friend on Facebook to check a particular website. Unfortunately, only Facebook access is free, access to other such sites will not be allowed for free. So I will begin with the free Facebook access and then one day gradually sign up for internet based services of the mobile service provider.

IDBI Nifty Index Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Another mutual fund house has decided to come out with its NFO or New Fund Offer. The IDBI Mutual Fund House has launched its NFO or New Fund Offer called the IDBI Nifty Index Fund NFO

In this article, we will analyse how good is this IDBI Nifty Index Fund NFO, whether this IDBI Nifty Index Fund offers anything new or unique for the investors and whether the investors should invest in IDBI Nifty Index Fund .

IDBI Nifty Index Fund NFO: Review Analysis & Details

Let's begin with some basic details about IDBI Nifty Index Fund.

What are the NFO dates for IDBI Nifty Index Fund ?
The NFO for IDBI Nifty Index Fund is currently open and will close on 31st May 2010.

What is so unique about this IDBI Nifty Index Fund ?
This is basically an Index Fund (What's an Index Fund?) which will be following a passive investment strategy and will track the Nifty S&P Total Return Index. It will buy the stocks which constitute Nifty index in the same proportion and will try to track the performance of Nifty. However, the tracking error will be important here in such kind of passive investment strategies. Tracking error is the percentage value by which the returns of a particular fund lags behind the returns of the index it is tracking. The tracking error comes because of several reasons -
1) The underlying index does not have any brokerage charges, but the Index Fund incurrs those charges
2) The ability of fund managers to effectively "track" the index
3) The frequency of tracking - some funds rebalance their portfolio in 15 days time, some in a month's time. So in order to match the index constituents, they end up buying at high price and selling at low price.
In my opinion, there is nothing so unique about this IDBI Nifty Index Fund. It is just another index fund which will be trying to gather money from investors and invest in certain selected company stocks, based upon the Passive Investing Principle.

The IDBI Nifty Index Fund will be benchmarked to Nifty S&P 50 Index.

The plan is to have 95-100% investment in Nifty Index equities and derivatives in same underlying index. And that's what raises the dounts whether it will be able to track the index properly or not.

Minimum Investment:
Purchases : Rs. 5000/- and in multiple of Rs. 100.
SIP or Systematic Investment Plan is also available.

Investment Options for IDBI Nifty Index Fund :
- Growth
- Dividend (Payout and Reinvestment)

No Tax Benefit is available in the IDBI Nifty Index Fund

The entry load for IDBI Nifty Index Fund is as follows:
Entry Load for IDBI Nifty Index Fund :
Zero Entry Load

Exit Load for IDBI Nifty Index Fund:
1% load will be charged for exit (repurchase/switch-out/SWP) on or before 1 year from the date of allotment for the subscriptions received during the NFO period.

Final Thoughts about the IDBI Nifty Index Fund?
By investing in this fund, one is betting on the tracking performance by the fund manager. Even if the fund manager manages to efficiently track the index, the investor is taking a call on the overall market performance. A similar alternative to consider investing is that in ETF - how about simply buying ETF on Nifty and trade it like a share to get the benefit of intra-day price fluctuations. See Example of Nifty base ETF here
Overall, this IDBI Nifty Index Fund is just another new fund offer for another index fund, without anything unique that sets it apart from other index funds

The Greek Tragedy and its Impact on the world: Problems with Greece

The news has been making rounds across the globe - Greece is in major financial trouble. It is a well known fact now. However, there are certain questions which often keep wondering in the minds of common people. Let's analyse those questions in this article:

Problems with Greece Economy and what it means for the rest of the world

A look at Greece - its a small country, both in terms of population and area. It has a small economy and a history of bad debt. Its a part of the European Union. So, why is everyone in the world, including US as well as the entire European Union or EU, is doing all they can to prevent Greece from getting into this kind of trouble? What is the interest that these big countries like US and UK and the big unions like EU have, in small countries like Greece?
The answer to this question is interesting:
1) Impact on Currency: The problem of this is because of the common Euro currency. Anything happens to Greece economy, it will impact the Euro severly, since Euro is the common currency of EU which includes Greece.

2) Market Impact:Anything that goes wrong with one currency member, will impact the overall market. By overall market it means that all the regions & countries of the EU, which includes more than 25 countries, which all trade in Euros. It will send a negative signal about the overall European economy.

3) Dominion Effect: In case Greece economy goes down, there will be problems with other countries as well - Italy, Portugal, Spain, Ireland, are next in the list. Its the same case which happened last year with Lehman Brothers. After the collpase of financial giant, many other financial institutes which were counterparties for Lehman collpased. Imagine what can happen with an entire country's economy collapsing. To the worst case, how much impact will it have on the overall Euro currency which will impact the entire EU region.
The simplest way to explain this is with an example - If I offer you bonds by Greece Government now, will you buy them? Proabably not. Then, if you know that there are similar problems with anything issued in Euros, that too from countries like Spain, Italy, Ireland, etc., will you but the bonds issued by those countries, No. So the chain reaction will continue, leading to further collapse.

How are other countries impacted?
If you are thinking that problem lies only within Greece and the Euorpean Union, its wrong. When the world is becoing a global village, nothing can be spared or remain secluded. Imagine a countru like India, China, Brazil or so called emerging nations. If the investors from EU region see a problem in their homeland, they will start pulling out their invested funds from these emerging economies for their own use in their countries. That will mean more selling pressure, so more collapse in these emerging markets.
Then, dont forget that all the economic conditions impact the consumer behaviour. If a person in Greece or UK is not feeling financially secure, he will not spend lavishly. This will lead to reduction in demand, which might have a severe impact on the exports made to the EU region countries from markets like India and China.
So, overall, everything will get impacted across the globe

UP University, Teachers, Librarians get Sixth Pay Commission Hike: Pension, Pay Arrears & Salary Hike Details

Now, the good news for nearly 18,000 employees working in the various UP state colleges and universities in the Uttar Pradesh or UP state has finally come. Recently, the UP state cabinate has finally approved the new pay scales benfitting thousands of teaching and non-teaching staff in Universities and state colleges and PG Colleges across the UP state. Till yesterday, it was the Noida employees rejoicing about the Noida employees get Sixth Pay Commission Hike.

UP State University, College, PG College Teachers/ Librarians and other employees get Sixth Pay Commission

This is reported to be effective from 1 January 2006, so emplyees can expect a big amount in arrears payment. This will also give them higher Pension post retirement.

How many UP State University, College, PG College Teachers/ Librarians and other employees will benefit from this decision?
Around eighteen thousand employees working in the UP State University, College, PG Colleges are expected to benefit.

Which organizations will this pay hike following Sixth Pay Commission be effective?
Hundreds of colleges will benefit. Talking about the exact nos. - 12 UP state universities and around 500 government and government-aided PG/degree colleges - employees will get the benefit of new hikes salaries, arrears payment and raised pensions

By which date is the Pay Hike for Teachers/ Librarians and other employees effective?
As per the reports, the Pay hike will be effective from 1 January 2006 onwards, so employees can expect a big amount in the form of payment of arrears. However, the payment of arrears may not be in lumpsump, it may be in installments over a period of time.
But there are conditions attached to this - the arrears payment will be made ONLY AFTER the center provides 80% of the total arrears accrued from January 1, 2006, to March 31, 2010. Now that might hold on the arrears payment for quiet sometime, as we all are aware how smoothly the money flows from center to states, especially when there are differnt party governments at center and state level.
If the funds come in from the center, the reports say that payments will be made in 2010-11 and 2011-12, 50% each year.

General Sixth Pay Commission Salary Hike & Arrears Calculator

Salary Calculator for Pension calculations for Sixth Pay Commission Salary Hike

Who will bear the cost of this additional salary hike?
It is not clear who will pay for this additional cost - although it is known that around 192 Crores will be required for this.

What will be the basis of the new implementation of pay hike for Sixth Pay Commission for UP State University, College, PG College Teachers/ Librarians and other employees?
As per the reports, the recommendations set by the Chadda Commission by the UGC, will form the basis of fixing new pay scales and pensions, as well as arrears payments for UP State University, College, PG College Teachers/ Librarians and other employees

Noida employees get Sixth Pay Commission Hike: Pension, Pay Arrears & Salary Hike Details

The good news for nearly 5000 employees working in the government section in the Noida region has finally come. Recently, the UP state cabinate has finally approved the new pay scales benfitting thousands of government employee staff in Noida and Greater Noida Development Authority across the Noida city.

Noida and Greater Noida Development Authority employees get Sixth Pay Commission

This is reported to be effective from 1 January 2006, so emplyees can expect a big amount in arrears payment.

How many Noida employees will benefit from this decision?
Around five thousand employees working in the Noida Government sector are expected to benefit.

Which organizations will this pay hike following Sixth Pay Commission be effective?
Two entities - Noida and Greater Noida Development Authority - employees of these 2 organizations will be entitled to get the benefit.

By which date is the Pay Hike for Noida employees effective?
As per the reports, the Pay hike for Noida employees will be effective from 1 January 2006 onwards, so employees can expect a big amount in the form of payment of arrears. However, the payment of arrears may not be in lumpsump, it may be in installments over a period of time.

General Sixth Pay Commission Salary Hike & Arrears Calculator

Salary Calculator for Pension calculations for Sixth Pay Commission Salary Hike

Who will bear the cost of this additional salary hike?
The cost of this additional salary hike to Noida employees will have to be born by the two entities themselves, that means the cost of these will increase. However, the employees will benefit.

What will be the basis of the new implementation of pay hike for Sixth Pay Commission for Noida employees?
As per the reports, the SAT Rizvi Committee Recommendations will be the basis of fixing new pay scales and pensions, as well as arrears payments for Noida employees

Natural Resources Classification: How are Natural Resources classified?

In this article, we cover details about the Classification of Natural Resources based upon various parameters. We have covered details about the Investments in Natural Resources through Mutual Funds and ETF or Exchange Traded Funds in the following articles: Natural Resources Mutual Funds: Investments & Risks and Natural Resources Mutual Funds & ETF List: Investments, Trading. In this article, we'll introduce you to the basics of Natural Resorces and how they are classified.

How are Natural Resources Classified?

There are several parameters or basis on which the natural resources can be classified. Here, we list some of them which are commonly observed:

Classification of Natural Resources based on Origin:
As we all know, natural resources occur "naturally". However, their origin can lead to different forms. Some of them are living while some are considered non-living. Looking at it from the point of what benefits the human race, every natural resource which can be exploited for some or the other reason can be called a "resource". So, if someone kills an animal like goat or bird like chicken for food, then its a resource for him/her. These fall under living resource category.

Then, there are some which do not fall in living category, like the ocean, the minerals, metals, etc. Hence, on the basis of origin, the natural resources are classified as follows:
Biotic Natural Resources : All Living Natural resources like birds, animals and some classified minerals which are formed by decay of living matter (like petrol and coal)

Abiotic Natural Resources: All non-living resources like ocean full of water, wind energy, sun, metals like iron, aluminium, gold, etc.

Classification of Natural Resources based on Renewability:
As we all are aware, resources can be categorized as renewable or non-renewable. Renewables are those which can be replenished easily without any extra efforts. Say for e.g. sunlight is available everyday during daytime, so if you miss charging your solar lantern today, then you can easily get it tomorrow (although weather sometimes play a role there). The same goes with ocean currents, wind energy, etc. So this parameter or renewability forms another basis for classification of Natural Resources:

Renewable Natural Resources: which can be replenished or reproduced in a speedy, fast and easy manner - like sunlight comes everyday.

Non - Renewable Natural Resources: Resources which are not easy to refurbish and take a long of time to replenish. The examples include formation of gold, coal, petrol, etc. which take ages to be created.

Classification of Natural Resources based on Development Stage:
A resource can be called a resource only if it is ready to use. So, you may find Bauxite ore, but unless you have the technology to extract Aluminium metal from the Bauxite ore, you cant really use it. So it can be said that Bauxite is the "Potential" Natural Resource. On the other side, once we have Aluminium metal extracted from the Bauxite ore, it becomes usable. Hence, Aluminium can be called "Developed on Actual Natural Resource". This usability leads us to the following classification:

Potential Natural Resources: Natural Resources which require further development like the Bauxite example cited above or extracting petrol from the crude oil

Actual or Developed Natural Resources: Natural Resources which are ready to use

Global Carbon Credit Scheme: UN Approves CFL Bulb Clean Development Mechanism In India

In an attempt to cut down the problems of high carbon footprints in several countries among the developing nations where energy needs are high, the United Nations has recently approved the CFL Bulb replacement scheme. Under this scheme, around 400 million incandescent light bulbs across India will be replaced by CFL bulbs and that too at a very very low price compared to the current actual market price.

What is this scheme for CFL Bulb replacement in India?
This scheme for CFL bulb replacement comes under the world’s largest carbon credit project. Uner this scheme, around 400 million traditional incandescent bulbs will be replaced by the new technology CFL bulbs.

What is the amount of carbon credit savings to be achieved under this scheme?
It is estimated that around 40 million tonnes of carbon emissions will be saved by replacing the traditional bulbs with the CFL bulbs

So that all sounds fine, how about the high cost of CFL bulbs?
It is true that the CFL bulbs cost a lot and that is what prevents it from reaching the masses. However, since this scheme is approved by UN, the high cost of CFL bulbs will not have to be born by the end user. Instead, it will be borne by government, investors, electricity distribution companies and CFL manufacturers who will offer the CFL bulbs at a discounted price. Typically, a CFL bulb in India costs around 100 Rs. or around 2 USD. This will be offered for just 15 Rs. (or around 30 cents) only.

Who all can benefit from this scheme?
It is expected to be a very big project. Estimated that around 50% of the houselholds will be benefitted from this scheme.

How will this scheme work?
As per the details available in the Times of India News, the scheme will work as follows:
The power distribution company in a particular province or state will decide whether they wish to go for replacement scheme.
It will then tie up with a financial investor, which will provide the capital to buy the CFL bulbs at market price to replace the bulbs in the discom’s area. The discom then distributes the bulb to its consumers at Rs 15 apiece and collects the regular bulbs, which it then destroys.

ANy nos. available about the savings of carbon emissions?
10 traditional incandescent bulbs when used for a year emit around a tonne of carbon. So when 400 million light bulbs will be replaced, 40 million tonnes of carbon savings will be achieved. Since Carbon Trading is becoming hot, the funding investor will get the carbon certificate getting them more carbon credits